What Is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how your body processes glucose (sugar) in the blood. Glucose is your body’s main source of energy, and it comes from the food you eat. To move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells, your body relies on a hormone called insulin.

When you have diabetes, either:

Your body does not produce enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes), or

Your body becomes resistant to insulin and cannot use it effectively (Type 2 diabetes).

As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of being used for energy. Over time, persistently high blood sugar can damage the heart, kidneys, nerves, eyes, and blood vessels.

 

Who Is Most at Risk of Developing Diabetes?

While diabetes can affect anyone, certain groups face a significantly higher risk due to genetics, lifestyle, or metabolic factors.

Adults Over 40

Risk increases with age, especially when physical activity decreases and weight tends to rise.

People Who Are Overweight or Obese

Excess body fat — particularly around the abdomen — is strongly linked to insulin resistance, a key driver of Type 2 diabetes.

Individuals With a Family History of Diabetes

Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your likelihood of developing the condition.

Sedentary Individuals

Spending long hours sitting, working desk jobs, and engaging in little physical activity can impair the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar.

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